As a rule, they were created to establish speed records, sometimes used in their construction "aircraft" technology. Some models were enthusiasts who worked alone or in small groups, and amazed the people of masterpieces, largely superior automotive products.
GAZ-A-Aero
Unreleased 1932 serial GAZ-A was almost a full copy of Ford-A, but the GAZ-A-Aero, built in 1934, apparently bore little resemblance to its predecessor. Engineer Alexander Nikitin in its work "Research streamlining vehicle" able to reduce fuel consumption by about a quarter, and increase the maximum speed to 80 km / h to 106 km / h
To do this, the GAZ-A had thorough change, leaving only the same chassis and engine. Body of steel sheets on a wooden frame was constructed on the basis of the models tested in the wind tunnel MAI. Rear wheel fairings were closed, locks and foot board are hidden inside, and lights are recessed into the wings. Body weight at the same time has not changed: GAZ-A weighed 1,200 kg, the GAZ-A-Aero - 1270 kg. Width remains the same - 1710 mm, and the length was 4970 mm wheelbase at 2620 mm.
Unfortunately, World War II forced Nikitin stop research in aerodynamics, shifting their attention to the tank tracks, and fate of a single instance of the GAZ-A-Aero unknown.
" Win- Sport "Sports car "Pobeda -Sport " ( GAZ- a C1 ) designed aircraft engineer Alexey Smolin , based on the chassis serial GAZ-M -20 "Victory" but forced induction engine and aerodynamic aluminum body led to a really high speed performance. GAZ- a C1 became the first Soviet sports car built in several copies. Most likely, there are five such machines. Three of them in 1951 were equipped with rotary blowers " Rutz " and triple- carburetor K-22 , which allowed to raise the capacity of the modified " pobedovskogo " engine capacity 2487 cm ³ to 105 hp , and speed - up to 190 km / h
With its compact size ( length - 5680 mm, width - 1695 mm , height - 1480mm , wheelbase - 2700 mm ) car weighed only 1,200 kg . On machines brand " Win- Sport " had three All-Union speed record and won three championships of the USSR ( 1950, 1955 and 1956 . ) .
ZIS- 112ZIS- 112 , which appeared shortly after the " Win- Sport", also conceived as a sports car , but the designers faced a number of challenges. Serial ZIS- 110 engine power 140 hp appeared weak for body weight 2450 kg , and had to be replaced on -line 8-cylinder engine capacity of 6005 cm ³, immodest dimensions and mass are badly affected the weight distribution of the car. Weighted front part constantly strove to lead the ZIS- 112 in the bank .
After a series of modifications ( base was reduced from 3760 to 3160 mm, total length - from 5920 to 5320 mm , the compression ratio of the engine is increased from 7.1 to 8.7 units, added two carburetor ) engine power increased to 192 hp at 3800 rpm . / min , and the maximum speed - up to 210 km / h But this did not save clumsy VMS . After the racing season in 1955 he was written off .
GAZ- TorpedoGAZ- Torpedo , which appeared in the same 1952 as the ZIS- 112 had a slightly high maneuverability, although inferior offspring plant them. Stalin's speed performance . Alexey Smolin abandoned production of GAZ -M -20 , and developing their new streamlined body with a clean slate . New car turned out much easier than " Win- Sport " with large dimensions (length - 6300 mm, width - 2070 mm, height 1200 mm). His weight was 1100 kg.
Smolin stopped on a forced " pobedovskom " motor, already tested on a C1 - GAZ , volume of 2487 cm ³ and a power of 105 hp supercharged " Rutz " which allowed to disperse the car to 191 km / h GAZ -Torpedo was established two national record speed.
"Moskvich - T2 "Record-breaking race car "Moskvich - T2 " was developed by designers and I. Gladilina Okunev and built on MZMA 1956 Engine "Moskvich - 405" developed the power to 75 hp at 5600 rev / min, which allows the vehicle curb weight of 660 kg speeds of over 220 km / h It had three national record . In fact, "Moskvich - T2 " is almost no different from the previously constructed "Moskvich - G1 ", which in 1956 received the same engine and streamlined body , but it is believed that these are different models .
In 1959, "Moskvich - T2 " was upgraded to participate in the racing circuit , it was established 70 -horsepower "Moskvich -407 " and the safety arch over the driver's seat . In this modification, Car wash and could accelerate to 193 km / h E. racer spindles , driving " Moskvich -407 - T2 ", won the car class up to 2500 cm ³ at all-Union racing in 1959 After 1960 "Moskvich - T2 " was not in the race .
"Una"
Car "Yuna" Yuri Algebraistova - one of the most famous "homemade" Soviet times. Construction for the first time in 1970, but left the garage for the first time "Yuna" only in 1982 in the creation of the car participated brother Yuri Stanislav Shcherbinin and artists, is interested in car design.
Some components and assemblies were taken from the construction of a production car GAZ-24 "Volga", but a lot had to do with their hands. Completely independently developed and built body: first frame is welded, then vykleena basis of several layers of fiberglass reinforcement and made of square tubes.
Car "lives", constantly subject to any alterations and improvements. For example, recently the engine was replaced by a V6 from the BMW 525i, modified body, fitted electric windows and headlights, devices from different cars. "Yuna" is still on track and overcome more than half a million kilometers, having participated in many motor rally and even starring in a movie ("testers" Ukrtelefilm, 1987).
" Pangolin "A striking example of the Soviet " homemade " - car " pangolin " Alexander Kulygina , released in 1980. Body vykleivalsya fiberglass on plywood master model , and at the conclusion of all the matrices were destroyed , eliminating the possibility of a second instance of " Pangolin ".
The car's engine , built on the basis of VAZ "classics" , housed in the cabin almost immediately behind the dashboard : body shape , more like Lamborghini Countach or DeLorean, masterpieces than the domestic auto industry , did not involve the front engine placement .
The original cap , combining doors and part of the roof , driven by two pneumatic cylinders (fault this system once led to what KULYGIN could not leave the car alone - unlike doors Lamborghini, hood " pangolin " is not balanced ) . In the 90 years the body has been modified ( removed part of the roof , additional welded beam under the bottom) and repainted .
Despite the fact that the engine and other units are taken from the production cars VAZ, " pangolin " due to light body and low drag them superior speed performance , a top speed of 180 km / h For the sake of state number plates and permission to travel abroad Kulygina had to make a number of compromises , changing the design of the car . In the 90s Designer emigrated to the U.S. in 2004 and died in a tragic accident.
"Laura"Homemade car, built in the early 1980s by two enthusiasts - Dmitry Parfenov and Gennady Hainovym - was , without exaggeration, a miracle of technology for its time. Despite the fact that some units were taken from a stock car ( VAZ-2105 engine , transmission ZAZ- 968) , most nodes " Laura " creators car produced independently. " Laura ," the design of which began in 1982, from the machines of those years featured front-wheel drive ( the first production front-wheel- Soviet car VAZ-2108 appeared only two years later ) . All devices in the cabin were electronic . These devices (including on-board computer ) and Parfenov Hain also collected independently , using more than three dozen chips.
There were built two five-seater "Laura" . Their curb weight is 1000 kg, fuel consumption at a speed of 120 km / h - 7,8 l/100 km, maximum speed - 165 km / h
«Ohta»
Work Gennadiya Hainova and Dmitri Parfenova, postroivshih avtomobily "Laura", did not go unnoticed, and they offered to lead a project to create a prototype future cars - Leningrad advanced prototyping laboratory motorcars us. The first work in "official" status was "Ohta" - a car that was supposed to be based on VAZ-21083, but contain a large number of passengers have good aerodynamic characteristics and dimensions to be no larger than "Lada".
Salon "trasformery" easily converted to a bedroom or dining area (front seat unfolded at 180 °, and the average number of transformed into a table), "Ohta" could be a double or a seven-seater minivan van.
Many solutions , as demonstrated by " Ohta ", and subsequently appeared on the production car - alas, foreign .
" Ohta " , surf the showrooms of the world, one could not go back : in the 90s without customs duties have not missed a car that was not registered in their homeland. Bonded warehouse - not the best place, and after a few years Parfenov managed to get her back is in a very shabby condition. So far from " Ohta " little left , and her recovery - a big question.
"Istra"Concept Moskvich -2144 "Istra" was developed in 1985-1988 . in Management and experimental works AZLK .
Assumed that the body of the car , the layout of which was tested in a wind tunnel to achieve the best aerodynamic performance , will include duralumin panel and wide doors opening up . Electronic systems have been adjusted clearance air suspension and diagnose faults , display not only prevent, but also recommendations for addressing the problems . In the car was provided for three-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine with multi-fuel continuously variable transmission .
Unfortunately, on the creation of the prototype of which is now kept in the museum , it is not moved .
"Squirrel"Experimental runabout NAMI- 050 "Squirrel" was developed jointly with Irbit Motorcycle Plant. Two-cylinder engine volume of only 746 cm ³ was to provide fuel 5l/100 km . The " Squirrel " was designed for the transportation of 4 persons. The car features an unusual layout : the front part of the body along with the windshield to swing hinged to allow access to the front seats and the rear can be accessed via a single side door.
"Squirrel", which was a curb weight of 640 kg, can accelerate to 80 km / h Has also been made easier to open a prototype (without doors and awning). In 1957, the USSR Council of Ministers considered the question of mass production "Proteins", but the choice was made in favor of the future ZAZ-965, based on the construction of which went to the technical solutions tested on Fiat 600.
VNIITE-Fri
The main idea of the project VNIITE-PT (All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics Perspective Taxi) - the need to develop a special vehicle for taxi service, which would be safe, roomy, comfortable and maneuverable. The concept was built using components of vehicles, "Moskvich" and has been successfully tested on the streets of Moscow, but in the series and did not go.
Passengers (up to 4 people) get inside "perspective taxi" through a wide sliding door with electric, driver seat placed almost in the middle between the front wheel arches (slightly offset to the left), which provided him a good review and freedom of movement. Playground with pedals driving could change its position relative to the driver's seat. Also worth noting is a nonstandard location engine "Moskvich-408" in volume of 1358 cm ³ and a capacity of 50 liters. s. - The cross, in the rear.
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