Here is some calendar starts:
During May - rocket "Soyuz-2-1A" and "rumble" with the Russian Ministry of Defense satellites;
May 16 - telecommunications satellite "Express-AM4R" from Baikonur
July 9 - three communication satellites "Messenger -M" from Plesetsk ;
July 15 - another " Express -AM6 " from Baikonur ;
July 18 - scientific apparatus "Foton -M" from Baikonur.
Also Plesetsk and Baikonur launches will be made from Kourou ( French Guiana) , with the mobile platform in the Pacific Ocean, and from the position area Dombarovsky in the Orenburg region .
Details of exactly what is going to place satellites in orbit the Russian Defense Ministry , not reported. But we can assume that it is about creating space intelligence network . This is indicated by the following facts.
In early April , it was reported that the Defense Ministry will spend 70 billion rubles on satellites for defense purposes . Wrote about this "Izvestia" . It is about creating on capacities Lavochkin electronic surveillance satellite system , consisting of five spacecraft. According to the newspaper NGOs CEO Victor Hart , electronic "stuffing" for them to be acquired by foreign companies - European EADS, Thales Alenia Space Italy and Israeli IAI. According to experts , this satellite system will provide an opportunity to receive "live" photos of the Earth's surface in the sub-meter range. It is assumed that the equipment satellites can recognize numbers of vehicles and human traits .
In the Soviet Union was engaged in a similar intelligence system "Arsenal" , but it almost turned back in the late 1980s . So, in late April, "Interfax" reported that the St. Petersburg Engineering Plant "Arsenal" ( which is engaged in the production of the same name and razvedsistemy ) will resume production of military satellites .
"Currently completed development work on a new type of spacecraft to maintain the defense capability of the Russian Federation , to start mass production of this unit is planned in 2014 " - quoted "Interfax" the final report of the plant in 2013 . Name of the apparatus , its characteristics and the cost are not indicated in the document , as well as the number of ordered satellites.
In the factory report only says that by 2017 "Arsenal" plans to increase sales to 6.5 billion rubles (at the end of the 2013th company sales volume amounted to about 5.3 billion rubles). Logical to assume that an additional 1.2 billion rubles a year , " Arsenal " will bring reconnaissance satellites .
In late January of this year, the Ministry of Defense in conjunction with the Russian Space Agency conducted a closed competition for the development of satellite reconnaissance "Watercolor" . Won the Central Scientific Research Institute of Radio named Berg. The project involves the creation of five terrestrial transceiver stations . In the future, the system will be connected to the latest satellite radar , radio and imagery intelligence .
- The military department is just beginning to order spy satellite , until the spacecraft itself is still very far - the head of the Space Policy Institute Ivan Moiseev . - Meanwhile, if we compare the state of the Russian space reconnaissance systems , for example, with the U.S. , we are lagging badly . In fact, Russia in this area remained in the 1970s , and the United States advanced in the 2010s .
Suffice it to say that the latest U.S. satellites for the so-called imagery intelligence possess optical systems with a mirror diameter of 2.4 meters - the same set on the legendary space observatory "Hubble" . Let me remind you of the atmosphere due to the lack of influence of the resolution of the Space Telescope 7-10 times greater than that of a similar telescope located in the world.
"SP": - If we talk about the latest developments , what a U.S. spy satellite -
- First of all , it allows you to take pictures with the highest resolution - less than 20 centimeters in one pixel photos . In comparison, a Russian reconnaissance satellites , which are still being developed , a similar figure is much more modest - 28 centimeters per pixel. And those systems , which today enjoys the Defense Ministry , he is even lower - one meter per pixel.
But the main difference from the U.S. space razvedsistemy Russian lies elsewhere. We orbit reconnaissance satellites found sporadically , while the U.S. is doing on a regular basis, and almost all their devices linked to the overall system. This gives a very significant effect.
"SP": - What effect is this - in opportunities to get the picture in real time from anywhere in the world -
- And in this , too . But space exploration is important not just to get the picture , but also to process visual information. Need to isolate only the necessary information and pass it to someone who needs it . Say pass Taskforce in Afghanistan information about the movements of the Taliban.
To solve this problem, some satellites little here involved several systems : types of intelligence , electronic , global positioning system , the relationship between satellites and ground units. All these systems work is automated , and involve a huge layer of software.
Americans have made it a comprehensive approach to space exploration . We have nothing like this , because Russian satellites are rare , and do not always work consistently .
"SP": - How many satellites in space group U.S. , and how many in the Russian -
- Americans satellites is about four times more than we do - about 400 vehicles. But the number here - not the main criterion : spacecraft are very different, and American , alas, perfect Russian .
"SP": - What is the cause of our lagging behind the U.S. in space exploration -
- The basis for this lag was laid in 1960 . The Americans then went on ways to improve the technical level of satellites prolong their lives , empowering . And we preferred to take the number: replicate technically less sophisticated satellites . Our military space ideology since then virtually unchanged .
"SP": - We can now create something comparable in orbit on the effectiveness of the American - razvedsistemoy
- Yes, but very soon. The problem is that the U.S. is not just in this area are ahead of us - they grow faster . To neutralize the backlog , you must do a huge amount of work.
- Russia has always made reconnaissance satellites , and in the last three or four years repeatedly raised the question of the expansion of our satellite constellation - intelligence , metrology and navigational aids , - said Russian Academy of Cosmonautics by KE Tsiolkovsky , a member of the Federation of Cosmonautics of Russia Alexander Zheleznjakov . - Therefore, the current intensification of work in this area is not something unexpected.
Placed in orbit reconnaissance satellites make national security interests . All countries possessing space technology involved in this , and Russia - is no exception .
Another thing to chase the U.S. do after the Americans razvedsistemu global space , I think , not necessarily . Task to solve the satellite constellation , dictated by the interests of the state. The wider interests of the country , the satellite constellation and more.
But the main problem here - Russia's lack of its own electronic components. Now, for example , there is such situation : the Americans , under the " Crimean " sanctions , imposed a ban on the supply in the Russian Federation as a spacecraft, which uses the American element base , and American radio components . As a result , Russia should either establish their own production elements, or to abandon the production of satellites. Establish its own production is very difficult and very expensive , in addition, to solve this problem quickly fail. But once necessary to begin to deal with it , otherwise our space industry and will remain dependent on the West
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