During the meeting this week in a conference in Washington, DC, enthusiasts try to win support ideas about the organization of a manned flight to Mars in the next two decades. NASA is taking part in this forum, as well as many other players related to space exploration. However, in the course of a manned flight to Mars, the participants will face serious obstacles.
A recent study analyzed one of the main problems associated with prolonged exposure of man in space. As emphasized in this report, the astronauts working on the International Space Station, receive doses of radiation over their lifetime limit after only 18 months in the case of women, and after two years, when it comes to men. Crew heading to Mars, will almost the same amount of time in the face of fierce radiation in the depths of the universe.
Cosmic rays are a unique type of radiation , and from them it is very difficult to defend against. As already mentioned study notes that cancers that may develop as a result of increased exposure to cosmic radiation , are likely to be very dangerous ." The types of tumors resulting from exposure to cosmic rays , are more aggressive than those arising from other forms of radiation ," - said Francis Cucinotta (Francis Cucinotta), an expert on radiation located in Las Vegas Nevada University and author of the new report published April 23 in the journal PLoS One.
Such words should not be taken too pessimistic . At certain periods of the solar cycle , the intensity of galactic cosmic rays is reduced. In addition , biologists are trying to understand what drugs - from antioxidants to aspirin - can help to cope with the damage that cause the human body cosmic rays . Cucinotta , as well as other experts in the field of radiation , primarily recommend NASA to collect significantly more information about those health risks faced by astronauts .Approximately 41 % of people in the United States at different periods of their lives reveal tumor. Some types of work - including the elimination of the consequences of nuclear accidents or flying in space - increase the risks of their education. Existing guidelines prohibit NASA astronauts have increased the likelihood of death from cancer by more than 3 %. If you are too often carried out missions in space and have accumulated too much radiation , the more you will not be allowed to fly , and you stay on the ground.
The problem is that nobody knows exactly how much radiation is too large . We have information about the probability of occurrence of cancer in humans , the exposed destructive factors after the explosion of a nuclear bomb , but to talk about it we can because we have historical data with respect to a large number of people who lived through a similar situation . Already more than 500 people flew into space , but this is not enough for full epidemiological studies. Moreover, the most malicious types of radiation in the universe are very different from those that arise as a result of a bomb explosion . Astronauts are exposed to galactic cosmic rays - the nucleus of their atoms in space are moving with incredible speed and have great energy . If they are faced with complex cell structure - such as DNA , then they can cause mutations .Galactic cosmic rays are moving at very high speeds , and therefore difficult to defend them . And many of these rays . It is estimated that it will be enough three days in space to each of your trillion somatic cells having received a blow from the high-energy proton ( this is the easiest and most common of the number of galactic cosmic rays ) . Within one year of each of your cells will face a severe and fatal iron atoms . Other types of radiation are relatively weak and scattered - something like pellets for air guns , but together they make cosmic rays cannonball - big, heavy and powerful .
One way to reduce the impact on the astronauts of galactic cosmic rays is to guide them in outer space only during the peak of natural solar 11-year cycle . During the period of maximum solar radiation is directed against the motion of cosmic rays , rushing into our solar system , and therefore their impact on astronauts reduced. Of course , being in space at this time means that the sun can occur potentially dangerous outbreak , which resulted in the astronauts would die from the heat in their spaceships .And what further negative impact usually subjected astronauts - residents of the United States during the year usually get about 3 millisieverts of radiation from natural background sources ( millisieverts - are units that measure the effects of radiation on the human body ) . Nuclear disaster like the one that occurred in Fukushima , is able to increase these rates by about one millisievert . Astronauts during the flight to Mars and back, which will last two and a half years , will have probably one sievert of radiation of cosmic rays , which is about 1000 times more.
A recent study analyzed one of the main problems associated with prolonged exposure of man in space. As emphasized in this report, the astronauts working on the International Space Station, receive doses of radiation over their lifetime limit after only 18 months in the case of women, and after two years, when it comes to men. Crew heading to Mars, will almost the same amount of time in the face of fierce radiation in the depths of the universe.
Cosmic rays are a unique type of radiation , and from them it is very difficult to defend against. As already mentioned study notes that cancers that may develop as a result of increased exposure to cosmic radiation , are likely to be very dangerous ." The types of tumors resulting from exposure to cosmic rays , are more aggressive than those arising from other forms of radiation ," - said Francis Cucinotta (Francis Cucinotta), an expert on radiation located in Las Vegas Nevada University and author of the new report published April 23 in the journal PLoS One.
Such words should not be taken too pessimistic . At certain periods of the solar cycle , the intensity of galactic cosmic rays is reduced. In addition , biologists are trying to understand what drugs - from antioxidants to aspirin - can help to cope with the damage that cause the human body cosmic rays . Cucinotta , as well as other experts in the field of radiation , primarily recommend NASA to collect significantly more information about those health risks faced by astronauts .Approximately 41 % of people in the United States at different periods of their lives reveal tumor. Some types of work - including the elimination of the consequences of nuclear accidents or flying in space - increase the risks of their education. Existing guidelines prohibit NASA astronauts have increased the likelihood of death from cancer by more than 3 %. If you are too often carried out missions in space and have accumulated too much radiation , the more you will not be allowed to fly , and you stay on the ground.
The problem is that nobody knows exactly how much radiation is too large . We have information about the probability of occurrence of cancer in humans , the exposed destructive factors after the explosion of a nuclear bomb , but to talk about it we can because we have historical data with respect to a large number of people who lived through a similar situation . Already more than 500 people flew into space , but this is not enough for full epidemiological studies. Moreover, the most malicious types of radiation in the universe are very different from those that arise as a result of a bomb explosion . Astronauts are exposed to galactic cosmic rays - the nucleus of their atoms in space are moving with incredible speed and have great energy . If they are faced with complex cell structure - such as DNA , then they can cause mutations .Galactic cosmic rays are moving at very high speeds , and therefore difficult to defend them . And many of these rays . It is estimated that it will be enough three days in space to each of your trillion somatic cells having received a blow from the high-energy proton ( this is the easiest and most common of the number of galactic cosmic rays ) . Within one year of each of your cells will face a severe and fatal iron atoms . Other types of radiation are relatively weak and scattered - something like pellets for air guns , but together they make cosmic rays cannonball - big, heavy and powerful .
One way to reduce the impact on the astronauts of galactic cosmic rays is to guide them in outer space only during the peak of natural solar 11-year cycle . During the period of maximum solar radiation is directed against the motion of cosmic rays , rushing into our solar system , and therefore their impact on astronauts reduced. Of course , being in space at this time means that the sun can occur potentially dangerous outbreak , which resulted in the astronauts would die from the heat in their spaceships .And what further negative impact usually subjected astronauts - residents of the United States during the year usually get about 3 millisieverts of radiation from natural background sources ( millisieverts - are units that measure the effects of radiation on the human body ) . Nuclear disaster like the one that occurred in Fukushima , is able to increase these rates by about one millisievert . Astronauts during the flight to Mars and back, which will last two and a half years , will have probably one sievert of radiation of cosmic rays , which is about 1000 times more.
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